All-purpose Corpus

All-purpose Corpus All-purpose Corpus All-purpose Corpus By Maeve Maddox Corpus is just one of thousands of everyday Latin words that have not only outlived their original speakers, but have replicated in English like amoebas. Latin corpus means â€Å"body.† It entered Old French as cors and passed from there into Middle English. From then on the spelling and pronunciation fluctuated until the various spellings and pronunciations took on meanings other than just plain â€Å"body.† Corpus and its plural corpora proliferate in medical terminology, giving such labels as corpus callosum and corpora striata, which name structures in the brain. Apart from learned uses, the word corpus has spawned several words that everyone is familiar with and a few that occur in literature. I’m going to look at seven of these words. 1. corpus [kohr-puhs] First there’s the word corpus itself. Although no longer used to refer to a living body, corpus still means â€Å"body† in a figurative sense. A corpus is a body of literature, a body of information, or an author’s body of works. In this sense, corpus means â€Å"collection.† There’s a subcategory of linguistics called corpus linguistics that gathers and studies collections of speech and text gathered from non-literary, non-academic sources. An example of the linguistic corpora studied is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), an online collection of 450 million words gathered from U.S. sources, 1990-2012. 2. corpse [kohrps] Once the word for a living body, the noun corpse now means only a dead one. When it comes to choosing words for their emotional effect on the reader, corpse is probably one of the creepiest words in English. 3. corporation [kohr-puh-rey-shuhn] In 1534 a corporation was â€Å"a number of persons united, or regarded as united, in one body.† In 1611 a corporation was â€Å"a body of people legally authorized to act as a single person.† Eighteenth-century jokers called their abdomens â€Å"corporations.† I love this OED citation from Thomas Smolett (1721-1771): â€Å"Sirrah! my corporation is made up of good wholesome English fat.† In modern U.S. law, a corporation is an organization formed with state governmental approval to act as an artificial person to carry on business (or other activities), which can sue or be sued, and (unless it is non-profit) can issue shares of stock to raise funds with which to start a business or increase its capital. 4. corps [kohr] This incarnation of Latin corpus came into English a second time, again from French, this time in the expression corps d’armà ©e, literally â€Å"body of the army.† The term reflected a new way of using the army by breaking it down into smaller, more mobile tactical units. Such a unit was a corps. The word came to mean any body or company of persons associated in a common organization. In the current U.S. Army, a corps is a large unit made up of from two to five divisions. A division is made up of from 10,000 to 18,000 soldiers. Corps is also used in the name of one of the branches of the U.S. military, the Marine Corps, and government employees who serve abroad in U.S. embassies are members of the â€Å"diplomatic corps.† Corps is a popular name choice for civilian organizations that wish to suggest that their work and purpose have a military-like focus: Job Corps, Peace Corps, Mom Corps. The expression esprit de corps is used to describe the sense of enthusiasm, loyalty and devotion to a group that characterizes an organization like the Marine Corps. 5. corpulent [kohr-pyuh-luhnt] The adjective corpulent means â€Å"large, bulky, fleshy, fat.† A corpulent person has a lot of body. 6. corporeal [kohr-pohr-ee-uhl] The adjective corporeal is used to describe anything that has substance. A living person is said to be corporeal; a ghost is incorporeal. There’s a legal term, incorporeal rights, that refers to property that cannot be seen or touched, but may be owned and inherited, like copyrights, trademarks, and patents. 7. corpuscle [kohr-puh-suhl] The noun corpuscle is probably most familiar in the context of biology class. Corpuscles: Minute rounded or discoidal bodies constituting a large part of the blood.† The word comes from Latin corpusculum, â€Å"little body.† In English it can also mean â€Å"any minute body (usually of microscopic size), forming a more or less distinct part of the organism.† 8. corposant [kohr-puh-sant] This one isn’t so familiar an offspring of corpus, but it’s interesting so I’m including it. You may have heard of something called St. Elmo’s Fire. It’s a light-producing weather phenomenon. In the days of sailing vessels, sailors often saw the light playing eerily about the masts. The common name derives from the patron saint of sailors. The other name, corposant combines Latin corpus sanctum, â€Å"holy body† or â€Å"saint’s body.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowItalicizing Foreign Words10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Policy-Making in the Federal System Research Paper

Policy-Making in the Federal System - Research Paper Example Obamacare is a good policy it raises federalism issues in various ways. The mandate of the federal government was the power-sharing notion. This means the s that the states each can set the rules of its governance rather than be forced into rules that do not apply to them at the local level. However, Obamacare has been seen by local heads as coercing all the states to follow is strict rules this is deemed unconditional. Furthermore, the federal dollars was used as an incentive to coax governors to go along with the policy. Governors feel like they have to embrace the policy or destroy their indemnity markets. Obamacare sure has a lot of pros than cons but either way it is conflicting. The pros of Obamacare are that it gives more time for young adults since they are allowed to be under their parents care until they reach 26b years old. Obamacare does not prejudice people based on health status thus nobody is denied coverage. Furthermore, the policy does not terminate you when you fall sick. Obamacare is an equal insurance and not discriminatory on gender. The best part is that more people are insured because the policy insists that large companies must insure their staff. Moreover, Obamacare has set rules regarding insurance companies from hiking their rates. And finally, this policy gives the insured rights to have the quick appeal of insurance company decisions while covering millions of people. The cons to this policy are that Obamacare insist on covering even sick people and this means high costs for everybody covered. Moreover, the money needed to cover the millions of people come from taxes, this means that taxes must be hiked. Many people have had to change their policy or had them canceled by their respective companies. This is because they did not meet the policy’s ten essential health benefits.

Self Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self Leadership - Essay Example In today's dynamic world, we need leaders to challenge the status-quo, to create vision of the future, and to inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions. There are many models and theories that have come into existence high lightening the different facets of leadership. There are many who still believe that leadership is a born talent, leadership is only for top management and one should have an inbuilt charismatic personality to be a leader. The media has long been a believer in trait theories of leadership differentiating leaders from non leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics. The media identify people like Margaret Thatcher, Nelson Mandela, Richard Branson and Rudolph Giuliani etc., and then describe them in terms such as charismatic, enthusiastic and courageous. However, in addition, more recent research provides strong evidence that people who are high self monitors that is highly flexible in adjusting their behaviour in different situa tions are much more likely to emerge as leaders in groups then low self-moni6ors (Dobbins et al., 1990; Zaccaro et al., 1991). Overall the cumulative findings from more than half a century of research leads us to conclude that some traits increase the likelihood of success as a leader, but none of the traits guarantee success (Yukl & Fleet, 1992). The inability to strike gold in the traits 'mines' led researchers to look at the behaviours exhibited by specific leaders. The difference between trait and behavioural theories, in terms of application, lies in their underlying assumptions. If trait theories are valid then leadership are borne rather than made. On the other hand, if there were specific behaviour that identified leaders then we could teach leadership-we could design leadership programmes that implemented these behavioural patterns in individuals who desire to be effective leaders. Other model like contingency theory also been discussed as the understanding of leadership in creased. Attention turned to the study of situations and the belief that leaders are the product of given situation. This approach to leadership recognizes that there exists an interaction between the group and the leader. Fred F. Fielder (1995) has suggested a contingency theory of leadership in which he told that the people become leaders not only because of the attributes of their personalities but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members. The path-goal theory suggests that the main function of the leadership is to clarify and set goals with subordinates, help them to find the best path for achieving the goals and remove obstacles. The theory builds on various motivational and leadership theories of others. More recently, Fiedler and an associate Jeo Garcia (1987) focused on a theory of leadership that states that stress unfavorably affects a situation and that intelligence and experience can lessen the influence of stress on leader. They named the theory as Cognitive Resource Theory. Basically it's the capability or quality of leader who perform under stress. Inspite of its newness cognitive resource theory is developing a solid body of research support (Fiedler, 2002). Paul Hersey, Ken Blanchard and Johnson (2001) have developed a leadership model that has gain a strong following among management development specialists. This model is called situational leadership theory. Situational

The effect of the Philippine Revolution

The effect of the Philippine Revolution This investigation assesses the extent of the Philippine Revolution had on the Philippine culture. In order to analyze the effects of the revolution on the political structure of the Philippines, the investigation will involve what the how it was several years before the Philippine Revolution, also known as the People Power Revolution. The political structure after the Philippine Revolution will also be researched. This research will be done to evaluate the changes in the overall political structure. The two primary sources for this investigation include Monina Mercados A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History along with Florentino Rodaos book, The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives In Extraordinary Times. The two sources that will be used will be analyzed according to its origin, purpose, limitations and value. Summary of Evidence The online article What Was People Power? states that the revolution was a non-violent movement of united Filipino citizens. They were lead by Corazon Cory Aquino, the wife of Benigno Aquino, a leading opponent of the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos, an advocate for the opposition of their Nationalist Party. This movement was a success because it led to the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos. After the overthrow, Corazon Aquino won presidency. Ferdinand Marcos was a corrupt leader. He was president of the Philippines for twenty years (for two terms), from 1965 to 1986.  [1]  After World War II, Ferdinand Marcos emerged from World War II with the reputation of being the greatest Filipino resistance leader of the war and the most decorated soldier in the U.S. Armed forces.  [2]  Before being president of the Philippines, Marcos had been the leader of the Ang Maharlika. The Ang Maharlika was a secret resistance that Ferdinand Marcos had created. It was said that this secret resistance was made up of spies and revolutionaries (assassins), in actually, the resistance consisted of counterfeiters, thieves, and gunmen. The Ang Maharlika was a guerilla force in northern Luzon. As president Marcos excelled in achieving infrastructure development along with international diplomacy; however despite these great achievements he, along with his administration, was extremely authoritarian, corrupt; they were also politically repre ssive, and they also violated human rights. In 1983, Benigno Aquino Jr., a senator and governor of Tarlac who opposed Marcos, was assassinated due to a gunshot to his head. President Marcos, along with the rest of his government, was involved in the assassination. This assassination became the catalyst of the People Power Revolution. From 1972 up through 1981, Marcos government passed a martial law that repressed the peoples freedom. He claimed that it was to create New Society based on new social and political value. Despite the laws success in reducing crime, it frightened any political opponents causing them to go into exile. The same goes for the rest of the people. They could not have a say in anything. Things were about to change for the better once Ferdinand Marcos was exiled. After the revolution, Corazon Aquinos presidency was the start of democracy for the Filipinos. The new government, the Constitutional Commission gave them a new constitution. It was ratified on February 2, 1987. The Constitution then went into effect on the eleventh of that month. It diminished presidential powers from declaring martial law. The Constitution also restored the bicameral congress. Evaluation of Sources The source Mercados A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History was written by Monina Mercado. It tells the story of the revolution that exiled Ferdinand Marcos from power through a collection of various stories by many different people told in their own words. It was published in 1987 making it somewhat of a credible source. This is said because it was written after, if not during, the revolution. This means that it contained real, current information. On the other hand, being published so soon after the revolution had occurred means that it will not have all the necessary information. If it was to describe the effects of the Peoples Power Revolution, it would only mention the effects that occurred only between that one-year time period. It would not encompass the effects over ten or twenty years. It appears that the purpose of the source is to inform readers about the Philippine Revolution of 1986 and her point of view on the situation. A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History is limited because it is biased. The author is clearly a supporter of Corazon Aquino. She does not write about what the people on the other side of the revolution thought. The sources value is questionable. It does its purpose and informs readers of the revolution and it does sheds light on the events which toppled the Marcos dictatorship. The second source is The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives in Extraordinary Times was published in 2001, making it a valuable source. This book is the most recent resource out of both of the sources. It was written by Florentino Rodao. The author of this book goes into detail about gender and ethnicity during the Revolution; corruption in the second-half of the nineteenth century; the circuitions intra-Asian trade; the influx of refugees to Cavite, which affected the rivalry between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo; the travails of the Franciscan friars; and the hopes and fears of a Spanish soldier as seen through his letters. The purpose of this book was to describe the time in which they were ruled by the Spanish and when they were freed. With this being said, this was not a very valuable book for this investigation. It does not completely talk about the issue at hand, the People Power Revolution; thus limiting this book much more. It does not go into depth about the revolution, rather the time before it. In a sense, this book is valuable because it gives background information on how the people were before the revolution, therefore allowing for a comparison to be made between the time periods. D. Analysis Every single kind of revolution brings about change. The Philippine Revolution, in this case brought about a positive change. After 1986, there were many more social and governmental changes. The Philippine Revolution brought about great social changes. The people were not to be socially repressed any more. People could speak their mind without getting reprimanded. The revolution, along with all other revolutions, was a time of military and political struggle for power. This thoroughly affected the people. Even before the Peoples Power Revolution Filipinos had been military and socially repressed because of the Spanish. After gaining their freedom, they had little time to be their own; to be free, even if it was just for a little while. They were not technically used to having such freedom, so when Marcos became president there was not much resistance. With all the changes being made throughout the Philippines, it is not shocking that, socially, the country changed. This comes to sho w, why there was not resistance to Ferdinand Marcos in the beginning. While the Philippine revolution overthrew such a powerful, despotic leader, it left much of the old centralized power structure unchanged. The U.S. still retained major influence through military aid and bases. The Philippine military remained intact under Defense Minister Enrile, the same man who had gotten rich from political connections while serving as Defense Minister under Marcos. The new President, Corazon Aquino, was from a wealthy family. The poor were still poor, and the rich were still in charge. The Philippine revolution demonstrates what the power people can have when they unite and withdraw consent. The same dynamics apply, no matter what the issue. If Filipinos had decided to go on and struggle and fight for a more just division of wealth, the abolition of the military, and/ or a decentralized government that was more responsive to their needs, who knows what more amazing things they might have achieved. E. Conclusion To conclude, there were social and governmental changes as a result of the Philippine Revolution. After Marcos was exiled, there was much more social freedom. Political leaders could actually speak their mind and exiled. The people were given the right to voice their opinions and not be punished. What changed drastically was the government. The Philippines came from being an authoritarian state to a bicameral democratic country. The People Power Revolution of 1986 signified the unity of the civilians and how they came to the aid of the military, which had long been an instrument of repression and terror. F. Sources BookRags Staff. 2005. Ferdinand Marcos. [Available Online] [cited September 12, 2010] Available from http://www.bookrags.com/biography/ferdinand-marcos/. Dizon, Regina G. Mount Holyoke College. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rgdizon/classweb/worldpolitics/main.html (27 January 2010) People Power in the Philippines. http://www.fragmentsweb.org/TXT2/philiptx.html. In Defense of Marxism. http://www.marxist.com/perspectives-philippine-revolution080487.htm (30 January 2010) Kabayan Central. http://www.kabayancentral.com/book/ateneo/mb5503861.html. Mercado, Monina A. People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History. Manila: James B. Reuter, S.J. Foundation. Morrow, Paul. Maharlika and the ancient class system. http://www.pilipino-express.com/history a-culture/in-other-words/251-maharlika-and-the-ancient-class-system.html (accessed 2010). Onwar.com.USA Spain Philippine Revolution. http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/Philippines1986.htm. (2 February 2010) Rodao, Florentino, and Felice N. Rodiguez. The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives in Extraordinary Times. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Hamlet Essay

Death, the absence of life when light goes out. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses mortality as an answer to situations that characters find themselves in, and these situations represent various themes in the play. The characters, mainly Hamlet and Laertes, show that death is one of the better ways to overcome sorrow, show vengeance, and it’s inevitable. Everyone faces unhappiness at least once in their lifetime and so do the characters in the play, â€Å"Tragedy of Hamlet†. As a result, death is a tool that characters, such as Hamlet and Laertes, use to escape from sorrow. Hamlet shows signs of committing suicide while Laertes’s sadness turns into madness. Beginning with Hamlet, Hamlet shows his depression and desire to die as he says, â€Å"O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt; Thaw and resolve itself into a dew! ; Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d; His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! O God! God! † (Hamlet; 1. 2. 129-132). As Hamlet expresses these emotions, one can conclude that Hamlet is yet to overcome the fact that his father, King Hamlet, is dead. Hamlet’s sadness grows as he is not pleased with his mother, the Queen, as she is perfectly fine about Hamlet’s father’s death; in fact she marries her dead husband’s brother. These two situations have lead Hamlet to think that his suffering will only end if he switches off his life. Thus, one can guess that, through Hamlet, Shakespeare suggests that death is a medium with which one may end his misery. While Hamlet thinks about committing suicide to end his sadness, Laertes looks for ways to end the reason for his sadness. After Claudius tells Laertes that Hamlet is the one who is responsible for his father’s death, Laertes speaks, â€Å"To cut his [Hamlet] throat I’ th’ church† (Hamlet; 4. 7. 127), this expresses Laertes’s disdain for Hamlet. Laertes realizes the fact that Hamlet is the reason for his sadness, Hamlet being responsible for his father’s death. Therefore, he builds up a desire to kill Hamlet to avoid his sorrow but that grief soon turns into madness where he acts like a beast that is hungry for Hamlet’s blood. Hence, one can say that, through Laertes, Shakespeare is trying to claim that death is a solution to unhappiness. Therefore, Hamlet’s and Laertes’s responses uphold the argument, death, in the form of suicide and murder, is a solution to madness and sadness, a theme in Hamlet. Losing a loved one not only leads to grief but also builds up anger, which can be taken to the next level, avenging the culprit. Revenge may be as small as an insult, but in the play, Shakespeare shows vengeance through death. This can be first seen when the Ghost of King Hamlet asks Hamlet to take revenge for his death. In reply, Hamlet says, â€Å"O cursed spit; That ever I was born to set it right† (Hamlet; 1. 5. 189), affirming the Ghost’s plan for seeking revenge. As Hamlet gains knowledge about the death of his father and understands that Claudius is the murderer of his father, he builds up fury against Claudius. Hamlet’s rage, which leads to his revenge, could have an outcome of legal punishment against Claudius, for example imprisonment, but instead it ends up being Hamlet’s personal punishment on Claudius, which is slaying of Claudius. Hence, through Hamlet, Shakespeare expresses that murder shows revenge which works as a build up towards the climax of the play. Like Hamlet, Laertes also reacts to the death of his own father by seeking revenge. Sometime after Hamlet kills Polonius, Laertes’s yearning for receiving justice can be clearly seen as he says, â€Å"Let come what comes; only I’ll be revenged; Most thoroughly for my father† (Hamlet; 4. 5. 135-136). Laertes hears about the death of his beloved father and in anger, he charges for the guilty party. As Laertes assumes that King Claudius is the offender he plans to kill him and avenge his father’s death. Therefore, one can suggest that Shakespeare is trying to convey that assassination shows vengeance, and increases tensions among different characters among the play to create an interesting ending. Thus, Hamlet and Laertes seek vengeance by murdering the corrupt, which shows revenge can be gained by the death of one; revenge is one of the other themes in the play. Lastly, no matter â€Å"who† one is or how much good or how much bad one does, everyone one has the same final destination, humans are destined to die and so are characters in the play. Therefore Shakespeare is trying to express his thought that death is ones fate. As Ophelia turns mentally ill, she begins to act crazily, which later leads to Gertrude claiming that Ophelia is dead as she says, â€Å"One woe cloth tread upon another’s heel; So fast they follow; your sister’s drowne’d Laertes† (Hamlet; 4. 7. 163-164). Like any other person, Ophelia dies as confirmed by the previous line from the play. After seeing Ophelia’s role throughout the play, one can easily claim that Ophelia was a sweet gentle woman who never did any harm to anyone both intentionally and unintentionally, but in the end she dies. This proves that death is unavoidable no matter what good deeds one has done in their lifetime. Hence, Shakespeare shows the power of mortality through Ophelia’s death. Another instance that proves that death is every person’s destiny is when Hamlet is talking to Horatio after he realizes that Ophelia is dead; he says, â€Å"There’s a divinity that shapes our ends. (Hamlet; 5. 2. 10). Hamlet is saying that there is a superior power above all of us who sets one’s life, one’s fate, this affirms Shakespeare idea of death being inevitable. Furthermore, the idea of the â€Å"Wheel of Fortune†, a very popular topic during Shakespeare’s time, can be interpreted as death is ones fate. Assuming that the bottom of the wheel represents birth, when the wheel completes a full rotation, the wheel reaches to the bottom again. So to start a new life, one has to die first. Thus death is portrayed as an unavoidable power. Hence, death is shown as fate in the play, which is another theme of the play. To conclude, the real function of death is not to kill characters in the play, but to convey other important themes in the play, the other themes being madness and sadness, revenge and fate. Death, in Shakespeare’s point of view, is an escape from life to avoid sadness where either the protagonist kills himself or someone else as an act of revenge which also shows human’s limitations for fighting against the inevitable death. Death is the unsung villain of one’s life.

Human Potential Is A Concept That Was Introduced By Early...

Human potential is a concept that was introduced by early personality theorists many years ago, and it implies that as humans, we have an innate tendency toward personal growth and development, and under the right circumstances, this tendency will lead us to actualize our potential and become all that we can be (Deci, Ryan, Guay, 2013, p. 109). In other words, each and every person has their own inner potential, and it just takes the right conditions to realize it. According to the self-determination theory, full functioning involves â€Å"individuals having access to and using all of their capacities for experience, connection, and proactivity† (Deci, Ryan Guay, 2013, p. 110). The term â€Å"full functioning† is used in this theory to refer to self-actualization. Full functioning is characterized by being aware and mindful, pursuing and attaining intrinsic life goals, and obtaining inner peace and quiet (Deci, Ryan, Guay, 2013, p. 110). In order to reach a level of full functioning, according to the self-determination theory, there are three basic psychological needs that must be fulfilled in order to perform the behaviors that are related to full functioning. These needs are universal and are essential for psychological well-being. They include competence, relatedness, and autonomy (Deci, Ryan, Guay, 2013, p. 111). Competence refers to the desire to interact effectively in one’s environment, and it is a person’s perceived competence that leads to satisfaction andShow MoreRelatedA Theory Based On The Art Of Loving, Albert Rogers, And Maslow1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper was to conceptualize a theory based upon existing ideas to create something unique. My theoretical view is based around the foundation and work of three theorist; Fromm, Rogers, and Maslow. Each individual presented a unique aspect, idea, or theory that was instrumental to the construction of my own. 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The President Of The Cold War Essay - 834 Words

A Unique and Extraordinary Moment Gorbachev, Reagan, Bush, and the End of the Cold War, 1981-1991 Even though the United States and Soviet Russia have faced nuclear crisis several times, they have finally compromised that they would end the Cold War. The President of the United State, Donald Reagan and Soviet Russia Leader Mikhail Gorbachev declared that the US and Soviet Russia is old friend and the Cold War was ended. Donald Reagan is known as an extraordinary president because of his character and his practices. He was a radio speaker and actor. He produced several training movies for the air force. He became the president of the United States in 1981 by unseating the former president Jimmy Carter. Even though he had had no experience about foreign policy, he believed that communism is the most important enemy and it must be destroyed. He thought that he should empower military and increase military arsenal to defeat Soviet Russia. 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